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The Beer-Lambert Law
Introduction
The Beer-Lambert Law is a fundamental principle in absorption spectroscopy. It provides a mathematical relationship between the concentration of a chemical species and the absorbance of light by that species.Mathematical Formulation
The Beer-Lambert Law is given by the equation: ``` A = εbc ``` where: * A is the absorbance * ε is the molar absorptivity * b is the path length * c is the concentrationMolar Absorptivity
The molar absorptivity is a measure of the ability of a chemical species to absorb light. It is a constant that depends on the wavelength of light, the solvent, and the temperature.Path Length
The path length is the length of the light path through the sample.Concentration
The concentration is the amount of chemical species present in the sample.Applications
The Beer-Lambert Law is commonly used in chemical analysis to determine the concentration of chemical species. It is also used in spectroscopy to study the properties of materials.Chemical Analysis
The Beer-Lambert Law can be used to determine the concentration of a chemical species in a sample by measuring the absorbance of light at a known wavelength. This technique is often used in spectrophotometers and colorimeters.Spectroscopy
The Beer-Lambert Law can be used to study the properties of materials by measuring the absorbance of light at different wavelengths. This technique is often used in UV-Vis spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. 
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